“An anticipatory breach of contract is a breach of contract occurring before the time fixed for performance has arrived”. Also, discuss the effect of anticipatory breach of contracts under the Indian Contract Act, 1872. OR Where a party to a contract refuses altogether to perform, or is disabled from performing his part of it, the other party has a right to rescind it. Discuss this statement and the effects of such refusal under the provisions of The Indian Contract Act, 1872

An anticipatory breach of contract is a breach of contract occurring before the time fixed for performance has arrived. When the promisor refuses altogether to perform his promise and signifies his unwillingness even before the time for performance has arrived, it is called Anticipatory Breach. Effect of Anticipatory Breach: The promisee is excused from performance or from further performance. Further he gets an option: (1) To either treat the contract as rescinded and sue the other party for damages for breach of contract immediately without waiting until the due date of performance; or (2) He may elect not to rescind but to treat the contract as still operative, and wait for the time of performance and then hold the other party responsible for the consequences of non performance. But in this case, he will keep the contract alive for the benefit of the other party as well as his own, and the guilty party, if he so decides on re-consideration, may still perform his part of the contract and can also take advantage of any supervening impossibility which may have the effect of discharging the contract. OR Add - Anticipatory breach of a contract may take either of the following two ways: (a) Expressly by words spoken or written, and (b) Impliedly by the conduct of one of the parties. Section 39 of the Indian Contract Act deals with anticipatory breach of contract and provides as follows: “When a party to a contract has refused to perform or disable himself from performing, his promise in its entirety, the promisee may put an end to the contract, unless he has signified, but words or conduct, his acquiescence in its continuance.”