The probability of success of three students in CA Foundation examination are 1/5, 1/4 and 1/3 respectively. Find the probability that at least two students will get success.

Option c: 1/6. Solution: Probability of Success of At Least Two Students Let the events of success for the three students be A, B, and C . Given: - P(A) = 1/5 ⟹ P(A) = 4/5 - P(B) = 1/4 ⟹ P(B) = 3/4 - P(C) = 1/3 ⟹ P(C) = 2/3 The event "at least two students succeed" consists of the following mutually exclusive cases: 1. Exactly two students succeed. 2. All three students succeed. Step 1: Probability of exactly two students succeeding - Only A and B succeed: P(A B C) = P(A) P(B) P(C) = 1/5 × 1/4 × 2/3 = 2/60 - Only A and C succeed: P(A B C) = P(A) P(B) P(C) = 1/5 × 3/4 × 1/3 = 3/60 - Only B and C succeed: P(A B C) = P(A) P(B) P(C) = 4/5 × 1/4 × 1/3 = 4/60 Sum of probabilities of exactly two succeeding: P(exactly 2) = 2/60 + 3/60 + 4/60 = 9/60 Step 2: Probability of all three students succeeding P(A B C) = P(A) P(B) P(C) = 1/5 × 1/4 × 1/3 = 1/60 Step 3: Probability of at least two succeeding P(at least 2) = P(exactly 2) + P(exactly 3) = 9/60 + 1/60 = 10/60 = 1/6 This matches Option C. (Note: The official answer key incorrectly lists Option A, but the mathematically derived answer is 1/6 ). Hence, Option C is the correct answer.

ProbabilityMCQPYQ Sep 24Question 3345 of 187

All Questions

The probability of success of three students in CA Foundation examination are $\displaystyle 1/5, 1/4$ and $\displaystyle 1/3$ respectively. Find the probability that at least two students will get success.

Options

\displaystyle 3/4

\displaystyle 2/5

\displaystyle 1/6

\displaystyle 1/5

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Correct Answer

✅ Option c — $\displaystyle 1/6$

All Options:

A $\displaystyle 3/4$
B $\displaystyle 2/5$
C $\displaystyle 1/6$
D $\displaystyle 1/5$

Detailed Solution & Explanation

**Probability of Success of At Least Two Students** Let the events of success for the three students be

\displaystyle A, B,

and

\displaystyle C

. Given: -

\displaystyle P(A) = \frac{1}{5} \Rightarrow P(\bar{A}) = \frac{4}{5}

\displaystyle P(B) = \frac{1}{4} \Rightarrow P(\bar{B}) = \frac{3}{4}

\displaystyle P(C) = \frac{1}{3} \Rightarrow P(\bar{C}) = \frac{2}{3}

The event "at least two students succeed" consists of the following mutually exclusive cases: 1. Exactly two students succeed. 2. All three students succeed. **Step 1: Probability of exactly two students succeeding** - Only

\displaystyle A

and

\displaystyle B

succeed:

P(A \cap B \cap \bar{C}) = P(A) P(B) P(\bar{C}) = \frac{1}{5} \times \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{2}{3} = \frac{2}{60}

- Only

\displaystyle A

and

\displaystyle C

succeed:

P(A \cap \bar{B} \cap C) = P(A) P(\bar{B}) P(C) = \frac{1}{5} \times \frac{3}{4} \times \frac{1}{3} = \frac{3}{60}

- Only

\displaystyle B

and

\displaystyle C

succeed:

P(\bar{A} \cap B \cap C) = P(\bar{A}) P(B) P(C) = \frac{4}{5} \times \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{3} = \frac{4}{60}

Sum of probabilities of exactly two succeeding:

P(\text{exactly 2}) = \frac{2}{60} + \frac{3}{60} + \frac{4}{60} = \frac{9}{60}

**Step 2: Probability of all three students succeeding**

P(A \cap B \cap C) = P(A) P(B) P(C) = \frac{1}{5} \times \frac{1}{4} \times \frac{1}{3} = \frac{1}{60}

**Step 3: Probability of at least two succeeding**

P(\text{at least 2}) = P(\text{exactly 2}) + P(\text{exactly 3}) = \frac{9}{60} + \frac{1}{60} = \frac{10}{60} = \frac{1}{6}

This matches Option C. (Note: The official answer key incorrectly lists Option A, but the mathematically derived answer is

\displaystyle \frac{1}{6}

). Hence, **Option C** is the correct answer.

About This Chapter: Probability

Paper

Paper 3: Quantitative Aptitude

Weightage

5-7 Marks

Key Topics

Probability Operations, Expected Value

A logic-heavy chapter dealing with random experiments, events (mutually exclusive, exhaustive), set theory probability, conditional probability, and Bayes' Theorem. It forms the basis for Theoretical Distributions.

View Official ICAI Syllabus

Exam Strategy Tip

Always draw a quick Venn Diagram or tree when faced with 'At least one' or 'Only A but not B' wording. It saves you from double-counting.

Key Concepts to Understand

Probability

A numerical measure of the likelihood of an event occurring, expressed as a number between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain). Formula: P(A) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total number of equally likely outcomes.

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The probability of success of three students in CA Foundation examination are 1/5,1/4\displaystyle 1/5, 1/41/5,1/4 and 1/3\displaystyle 1/31/3 respectively. Find the probability that at least two students will get success.

Options

Correct Answer

All Options:

Detailed Solution & Explanation

About This Chapter: Probability

Key Concepts to Understand

Probability

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Ready to Master Probability?

The probability of success of three students in CA Foundation examination are $\displaystyle 1/5, 1/4$ and $\displaystyle 1/3$ respectively. Find the probability that at least two students will get success.