ProbabilityPYQ Sept 25Question 4182 of 187
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Some dice with six faces have numbers written from Four to Nine. Two such dice are thrown simultaneously. Find the probability that the sum of numbers on the two dice would be 14 or less.

Options

A11/18
B13/18
C1/6
D2/9
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Correct Answer

Option b13/18

All Options:

  • A11/18
  • B13/18
  • C1/6
  • D2/9

Detailed Solution & Explanation

Let us analyze the outcome of throwing two such custom dice:
1. **Identify the faces on each die**: The faces are numbered {4,5,6,7,8,9}\displaystyle \{4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9\}.
2. **Total number of outcomes**: Since each die has 6 faces, throwing two dice yields:
N=6×6=36 outcomesN = 6 \times 6 = 36 \text{ outcomes}
3. **Find the number of outcomes with sum 14\displaystyle \le 14**:
It is easier to find the complementary probability, i.e., the number of outcomes where the sum is strictly greater than 14 (sums of 15, 16, 17, or 18).
Let us list the outcomes for each sum >14\displaystyle > 14:
- **Sum = 15**:
(6,9),(9,6),(7,8),(8,7)(4 outcomes)(6, 9), (9, 6), (7, 8), (8, 7) \quad (4 \text{ outcomes})
- **Sum = 16**:
(7,9),(9,7),(8,8)(3 outcomes)(7, 9), (9, 7), (8, 8) \quad (3 \text{ outcomes})
- **Sum = 17**:
(8,9),(9,8)(2 outcomes)(8, 9), (9, 8) \quad (2 \text{ outcomes})
- **Sum = 18**:
(9,9)(1 outcome)(9, 9) \quad (1 \text{ outcome})
Total outcomes with sum >14\displaystyle > 14 is:
n(Sum>14)=4+3+2+1=10n(\text{Sum} > 14) = 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10
4. **Find the outcomes with sum 14\displaystyle \le 14**:
n(Sum14)=3610=26n(\text{Sum} \le 14) = 36 - 10 = 26
5. **Probability Calculation**:
P(Sum14)=2636=1318P(\text{Sum} \le 14) = \frac{26}{36} = \frac{13}{18}
Hence, **Option B** is the correct answer.

About This Chapter: Probability

Paper

Paper 3: Quantitative Aptitude

Weightage

5-7 Marks

Key Topics

Probability Operations, Expected Value

A logic-heavy chapter dealing with random experiments, events (mutually exclusive, exhaustive), set theory probability, conditional probability, and Bayes' Theorem. It forms the basis for Theoretical Distributions.

View Official ICAI Syllabus

Exam Strategy Tip

Always draw a quick Venn Diagram or tree when faced with 'At least one' or 'Only A but not B' wording. It saves you from double-counting.

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