ProbabilityPYQ Jan 26Question 4289 of 187
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If in a class, 50% of the student study mathematics and science and 70% of the student study mathematics, then the probability of a student studying science given that he/she is already studying mathematics is

Options

A37\displaystyle \frac{3}{7}
B67\displaystyle \frac{6}{7}
C47\displaystyle \frac{4}{7}
D57\displaystyle \frac{5}{7}
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Correct Answer

Option d57\displaystyle \frac{5}{7}

All Options:

  • A37\displaystyle \frac{3}{7}
  • B67\displaystyle \frac{6}{7}
  • C47\displaystyle \frac{4}{7}
  • D57\displaystyle \frac{5}{7}

Detailed Solution & Explanation

Let us define the events: - M\displaystyle M: The event that a student studies Mathematics. - S\displaystyle S: The event that a student studies Science.
We are given: - Percentage of students studying both Mathematics and Science: P(MS)=50%=0.50\displaystyle P(M \cap S) = 50\% = 0.50 - Percentage of students studying Mathematics: P(M)=70%=0.70\displaystyle P(M) = 70\% = 0.70
We want to find the conditional probability that a student studies Science given that he/she already studies Mathematics, which is P(SM)\displaystyle P(S | M): P(SM)=P(MS)P(M)P(S | M) = \frac{P(M \cap S)}{P(M)}
Substituting the given probabilities: P(SM)=0.500.70=57P(S | M) = \frac{0.50}{0.70} = \frac{5}{7} Hence, **Option D** is the correct answer.

About This Chapter: Probability

Paper

Paper 3: Quantitative Aptitude

Weightage

5-7 Marks

Key Topics

Probability Operations, Expected Value

A logic-heavy chapter dealing with random experiments, events (mutually exclusive, exhaustive), set theory probability, conditional probability, and Bayes' Theorem. It forms the basis for Theoretical Distributions.

View Official ICAI Syllabus

Exam Strategy Tip

Always draw a quick Venn Diagram or tree when faced with 'At least one' or 'Only A but not B' wording. It saves you from double-counting.

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