Sets, Relations and FunctionsMCQMTP Apr 21Question 1978 of 222
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Let R\displaystyle R be the set of real numbers such that the function f:R→R\displaystyle f: R →\displaystyle \to R and g:R→R\displaystyle g: R →\displaystyle \to R are defined by f(x)=x2+3x+1\displaystyle f(x) = x^2+3x+1 and g(x)=2x−3\displaystyle g(x) = 2x-3. Find (fog)\displaystyle (fog).

Select Your Answer (Keyboard: A, B, C, D)
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Correct Answer

✅ Option b — x2−6x+1\displaystyle x^2-6x+1

All Options:

  • A$4x^2+6x+1$
  • Bx2−6x+1\displaystyle x^2-6x+1
  • C$4x^2-6x+1$
  • Dx2+6x+1\displaystyle x^2+6x+1

Detailed Solution & Explanation

To find the composite function (f∘g)(x)=f(g(x))\displaystyle (f \circ g)(x) = f(g(x)), we substitute the expression for g(x)\displaystyle g(x) into f(x)\displaystyle f(x):
Given:
f(x)=x2+3x+1f(x) = x^2 + 3x + 1
g(x)=2x−3g(x) = 2x - 3

Substitute g(x)\displaystyle g(x) in place of x\displaystyle x in the function f(x)\displaystyle f(x):
f(g(x))=(2x−3)2+3(2x−3)+1f(g(x)) = (2x - 3)^2 + 3(2x - 3) + 1

**Step 1: Expand (2x−3)2\displaystyle (2x - 3)^2** using the identity (a−b)2=a2−2ab+b2\displaystyle (a-b)^2 = a^2 - 2ab + b^2:
(2x−3)2=4x2−12x+9(2x - 3)^2 = 4x^2 - 12x + 9

**Step 2: Expand $3(2x - 3)\displaystyle **:<br><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">3(2x - 3) = 6x - 9</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">2</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">3</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7278em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">9</span></span></span></span></span><br><br>**Step 3: Combine all terms together**:<br><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>12</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>9</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(g(x)) = (4x^2 - 12x + 9) + (6x - 9) + 1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mclose">))</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1.1141em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">4</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7278em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">12</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span></span><br><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>12</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>+</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(g(x)) = 4x^2 + (-12x + 6x) + (9 - 9 + 1)</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mclose">))</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9474em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">4</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">−</span><span class="mord">12</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mclose">)</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7278em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">9</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span><span class="mclose">)</span></span></span></span></span><br><span class="katex-display"><span class="katex"><span class="katex-mathml"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="block"><semantics><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><msup><mi>x</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn><mi>x</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow><annotation encoding="application/x-tex">f(g(x)) = 4x^2 - 6x + 1</annotation></semantics></math></span><span class="katex-html" aria-hidden="true"><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:1em;vertical-align:-0.25em;"></span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.10764em;">f</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal" style="margin-right:0.03588em;">g</span><span class="mopen">(</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mclose">))</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span><span class="mrel">=</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2778em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.9474em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">4</span><span class="mord"><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="msupsub"><span class="vlist-t"><span class="vlist-r"><span class="vlist" style="height:0.8641em;"><span style="top:-3.113em;margin-right:0.05em;"><span class="pstrut" style="height:2.7em;"></span><span class="sizing reset-size6 size3 mtight"><span class="mord mtight">2</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">−</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.7278em;vertical-align:-0.0833em;"></span><span class="mord">6</span><span class="mord mathnormal">x</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span><span class="mbin">+</span><span class="mspace" style="margin-right:0.2222em;"></span></span><span class="base"><span class="strut" style="height:0.6444em;"></span><span class="mord">1</span></span></span></span></span><br><br>**Discrepancy & Typographical Error:**<br>Mathematically, the composite function simplifies to &#36;4x^2 - 6x + 1, which is **Option C**. However, the answer key for this specific mock paper (MTP Apr 21) has a typographical error, designating **Option B** (x2−6x+1\displaystyle x^2 - 6x + 1) as the correct answer. The mathematically correct result is $4x^2 - 6x + 1\displaystyle , as confirmed in identical questions in other test papers (e.g. MTP June 24).<br><br>Hence, **Option B** is the correct answer (according to the textbook key), but the mathematically proven correct value is &#36;4x^2 - 6x + 1 (**Option C**).

About This Chapter: Sets, Relations and Functions

Paper

Paper 3: Quantitative Aptitude

Weightage

3-5 Marks

Key Topics

Sets, Relations, Functions

This chapter covers Sets, Relations, Functions and is part of Paper 3: Quantitative Aptitude in the CA Foundation exam.

View Official ICAI Syllabus

Exam Strategy Tip

This topic carries 3-5 Marks weightage. Focus on understanding core concepts rather than memorizing.

Key Concepts to Understand

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